hard
英 [hɑ:d] 美 [hɑrd]

adj.

困难的；硬的；有力的；努力的

adv.

努力地；猛力地；严重地；沉重地

n.

英〉硬海滩，登陆处；

双语释义

adj.(形容词)

1. 硬的,坚实的,坚固的 not soft or yielding to the touch or easily cut; solid; firm
2. 难做的,难懂的,难答的,困难的 difficult to do or understand or answer; not easy
3. [A]辛苦的,努力的 showing much effort; energetic
4. (天气)凛冽的 (of the weather) severe
5. 硬心肠的,冷酷无情的,严厉的 unfeeling; unsympathetic; harsh

adv.(副词)

1. 努力地 with great effort, energy or concentration; strenuously; intently
2. 艰难地 with difficulty; with a struggle
3. 严重地,猛烈地 severely; heavily

英英释义

hard

• adj.
  • not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

    "why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?"

    同义词：difficult

  • dispassionate

    "took a hard look"; "a hard bargainer"

  • resisting weight or pressure
  • very strong or vigorous

    "a hard left to the chin"

    同义词：knockoutsevere

  • characterized by toilsome effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

    "hard labor"

    同义词：arduousbackbreakinggruelinggruellingheavylaboriousoperosepunishingtoilsome

  • produced without vibration of the vocal cords

    同义词：unvoicedvoicelesssurd

  • (of light) transmitted directly from a pointed light source

    同义词：concentrated

  • (of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward or touching the velum

    "Russian distinguished between hard consonants and palatalized or soft consonants"

  • given to excessive indulgence of bodily appetites especially for intoxicating liquors

    "a hard drinker"

    同义词：intemperateheavy

  • being distilled rather than fermented; having a high alcoholic content

    "hard liquor"

    同义词：strong

  • unfortunate or hard to bear

    "had hard luck"

    同义词：tough

  • dried out

    "hard dry rolls left over from the day before"

• adv.
  • with effort or force or vigor

    "the team played hard"; "worked hard all day"; "pressed hard on the lever"; "hit the ball hard"; "slammed the door hard"

  • with firmness

    "held hard to the railing"

    同义词：firmly

  • earnestly or intently

    "thought hard about it"; "stared hard at the accused"

  • causing great damage or hardship

    "industries hit hard by the depression"

    同义词：severely

  • slowly and with difficulty

    "prejudices die hard"

  • indulging excessively

    同义词：heavilyintemperately

  • into a solid condition

    "concrete that sets hard within a few hours"

  • very near or close in space or time

    "it stands hard by the railroad tracks"; "they were hard on his heels"; "a strike followed hard upon the plant's opening"

  • with pain or distress or bitterness

    "he took the rejection very hard"

  • to the full extent possible; all the way

    "hard alee"; "the ship went hard astern"; "swung the wheel hard left"

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)～+名词

• hard bargain大肆讨价还价
• hard customer挑剔的顾客
• hard face难看的脸
• hard heart铁石心肠
• hard job艰苦的工作
• hard knot死结
• hard life艰苦的生活
• hard liquor烈性酒
• hard nut硬果,难题
• hard storm强烈的暴风雨
• hard time艰难的时刻
• hard worker勤奋的工人
• hard feelings恶感,对立情绪
• hard money硬币
• hard voice难听的声音
• hard water硬水
• hard way比较艰难的路,比较困难的方式
• hard wood硬木
• hard work艰苦的工作

～+动词不定式

• hard to bear难以忍受
• hard to break难改
• hard to explain难以说清楚
• hard to finish难以完成
• hard to please难以取悦
• hard to understand难懂

～+介词

• hard of hearing重听
• hard of heart心肠硬
• hard on sb对某人严厉
• hard upon eighty快80岁了

词组短语

hard work努力工作；繁重的工作

work hard努力学习；辛勤工作

study hard努力学习

working hard努力工作

hard on严厉对待

hard disk硬盘

try hard adj. 努力

hard working勤奋的；努力工作的

hard time艰难的日子；艰难时刻；艰难时事

hard alloy硬质合金

hard drive（电脑）硬盘驱动器

hard rock重摇滚；剧烈摇滚乐；硬质岩石

hard by在近处

hard to say很难说

the hard way艰难地；避易就难地

play hard行为卑鄙；不择手段

work hard at努力工作（学习）

have a hard time度过困难时刻；过得困难；步履艰难

hard copy硬拷贝；复印件

hard to reach难以到达

更多收起词组短语

同近义词辨析

difficult, hard

这组词都有“困难”的意思，其区别是：

difficult比hard较为正式，侧重需要特别的能力、智力、判断力、技巧或勇气才能克服障碍。也可指深奥或抽象的难题。

hard含义广，通俗用词，与easy相对，泛指任何难理解，不好处理或不易做的事。

hardly, hard

hardly 几乎不 I can hardly believe it.

hard 努力, work hard

solid, firm, hard

这组词都有“坚定的，结实的”的意思，其区别是：

solid着重质地紧密、坚实和无间隙，含有在外部压力下仍可保持原有形状的意味。

firm侧重指质地坚硬、不易切割或有弹性，一旦变形会很快恢复原形。

hard侧重有抗拒压力或拉力的性质，但不一定有弹性。

双语例句

用作形容词(adj.)

1. The ground is as hard as stone after the long drought.
   长期干旱之后,土地硬得就像石头一样。
2. It's very hard to maintain a relationship.
   要维持一段关系,是很困难的。
3. It's very hard on parents when their children are rebellious.
   对父母来说,孩子叛逆是个很棘手的问题。
4. He likes to pretend he is hard, but he is really soft underneath.
   他喜欢故作坚强,但是他内心真的很脆弱。
5. She has really good looks but a hard heart.
   她确实长得漂亮,可是却有一颗残酷的心。
6. He gave the door a hard shove and it opened.
   他猛地一推门,门开了。
7. I don't want to go out in such hard weather.
   我不想在这么冷的天气里出门。
8. We need some hard evidence to support our claim.
   我们需要一些确凿的证据来支持我们的主张。

用作副词(adv.)

1. Most importantly, you must work hard to catch up.
   最为重要的是,你必须努力学习,迎头赶上。
2. The senator was hard opposed by her rivals on the issue of social welfare.
   那名参议员在社会福利问题上遭到对手强烈的反对。
3. Small businesses in particular were hit hard by the recession.
   尤其是一些小企业在经济萧条中遭受了严重的打击。
4. You need to keep moving ahead hard and confidently.
   你要坚定而充满信心地走下去。

权威例句

Hard and Soft Acids and Bases
Hard and soft acids and bases
Iterative hard thresholding for compressed sensing
Trapdoors for hard lattices and new cryptographic constructions
Approximation Algorithms for NP-hard Problems
Approximation Algorithms for NP-Hard Problems
Trapdoors for hard lattices and new cryptographic constructions.
ALPGEN, a generator for hard multiparton processes in hadronic collisions
Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment
Scheduling algorithms for multiprogramming in a hard-real-time environment